Animal Imagery in King Lear Essay

Creature Imagery in King Lear A typical misguided judgment during the Elizabethan Era is that people are better than creatures. Fudge shows this by expressing: â€Å"where there is a dread of the breakdown of distinction, there is likewise a pressing need to emphasize human superiority† (Fudge 2). All through King Lear, Shakespeare challenges this limit has been urgently upheld by people for such a large number of years. The severe differentiation among people and creatures is trivialized as Shakespeare constantly insinuates the connections between his characters, creatures, and different species. With this being stated, the crowd can perceive how the play King Lear, uncovered various Shakespeare’s intriguing abstract decisions. One that is utilized every now and again inside the play is creature symbolism, where the attributes of explicit people identify with the characteristics related with a specific creature. Using a mythical serpent, snake, and flying creature, Shakespeare uses creature symbolism to relate basic understandings and portrayals of creatures to feature both the characters’ genuine characteristics and their importance through a women's activist focal point. The juxtaposition of human and creature in King Lear is successful in building up the possibility that people and creatures are not as different the same number of accept, and in certainty have a considerable lot of the equivalent fundamental characteristics. The picture of a mythical beast is utilized by Shakespeare to depict King Lear’s feelings. Despite the fact that winged serpents are customarily legendary animals, their possessive characteristics and hazardous character are qualities that people additionally have. For instance, Lear alludes to himself as a monster when he states, â€Å"come not between the winged serpent and his wrath† (1. . 126). Now in the play, it is apparent that Lear has characteristics of a mythical serpent as he is effectively maddened, and sees himself as a ground-breaking and notable individual. He gets angered at the way that his valued belonging or fortune, Cordelia, is being placed in danger by her reaction. Lear and a mythical serpent both show how the idea of progress can cause one to turn out to be truly helpless. In spite of the fact that Lear’s unbendable character makes him oust Cordelia, the idea of losing his preferred little girl will get everlasting in his brain. Both a mythical beast and Lear have gotten so familiar with their jobs of ensuring, that change may make them lash out. Moreover, Lear shows how he feels better than everybody beneath him in the chain of importance. His activities uncover that he considers himself to be unapproachable and is eager to present dangers to anybody he may feel awkward or scared by. Despite the fact that Kent is offering Lear extremely valuable guidance, Lear’s current condition of powerlessness makes him usher dangers and settle on harebrained choices. Lear’s remarks severely and his correlation with being a winged serpent shows how guys have extreme authority over ladies, and can express their real thoughts without outcomes. Also, men can be recognized as the predominant sexual orientation since Lear parallel’s a dragon’s qualities of being an amazing animal and pioneer. Despite the fact that Lear is happy to split his realm, he doesn't propose that he is eager to surrender any of his capacity. Lear despite everything needs to stay as a main figure and have full authority over everybody. There is no notice of a Queen being available, or the level of influence moving to any other individual other than Lear. In this way it is clear that Shakespeare utilizes creature symbolism to show Lear’s searing character and male power. Generally, snakes are viewed as ruthless creatures that are dreaded by nearly everybody. Being identified with a snake isn't regularly a positive examination, subsequently, one must submit a fundamentally malicious activity to be called one. The principal reference to a snake is when Lear is yelling about Goneril to Regan. He states, â€Å"[Goneril] hit me with her tounge/most serpant-like, upon the very heart† (2. 4. 169-170). In a customary battle, a snake is practically weak; in any case, it is realized that by being brilliant and beguiling, snakes can be successful in fight. Goneril shows this by complimenting her father’s sense of self so as to get his wealth. When she takes her father’s riches, she arranges him to dispose of his knights, and at last shows him out, with no place to go. Goneril’s crafty capacity permits her to pulverize her dad, while profiting herself. These despicable activities that she submits come as an astonishment to Lear since he is ignorant concerning the way that he is being cheated and burglarized of his assets from the subsequent he offered the division of his realm. Much the same as a snake, the component of shock is used by Goneril to find her dad napping and along these lines, decrease his capacity with no results. Besides, this shows how insatiability and riches can make people settle on ill-advised choices, and along these lines be contrasted with harmful mammoths. As the play reaches a conclusion, one can perceive how the statement turns out to be extremely amusing as Goneril chooses to harm her sister. Along these lines in addition to the fact that she possesses a similar mindset as a snake, she additionally finishes her activities genuinely by the utilization of toxic substance. Through a women's activist focal point, one could state that men rush to censure ladies for their activities and errors. Lear is too bustling feeling frustrated about himself to understand that he was the reason for his own misery and annihilation. Be that as it may, rather than recognizing this reality, he promptly alludes to his little girl as a snake. The portrayal of ladies as snakes shows the lopsidedness of intensity in the public arena. With the end goal for ladies to settle on their own choices, they should be guileful and close-lipped regarding them since they reserve no option to express their genuine thoughts before men. In this way, rather than expressing their own sentiment, they should conform to the necessities and needs of the men around them. Regardless of whether they have an incredible thought, it will no doubt be contradicted by men just on the grounds that ladies are seen as being less fit or solid. With this being stated, Shakespeare utilizes the picture of snake to feature the numerous underhanded and manipulative characteristics that people have. Shakespeare uses the picture of a winged creature to reflect both positive and negative qualities inside his characters. In contrast to most creatures, fowls can communicate both savage and serene impulses. Towards the finish of the play, the reference of a winged animal is found in a positive manner, as it speaks to the reestablishment of life and opportunity. This is available when Lear states, â€Å"we two alone will sing like flying creatures in a cage† (5. 3. 10). The statement accentuates incongruity as both Lear and Cordelia are actually in jail like a winged animal in a confine. In spite of the way that they are hostage, and going to lose their lives, their general joy is reestablished in light of the fact that they are together by and by. After the peak of the play causes extraordinary torment and anguish for the two characters, being along with the one whom they can trust and care for is the most ideal prize, paying little mind to the setting. Presently that Lear and Cordelia are liberated from the abhorrent sisters, they can live joyfully for the remainder of their lives. This thus makes them sing like winged animals, or as it were, express their actual bliss. This is an extremely questionable second in the play, as it is the second when Lear at long last carries positive feelings to the catastrophe that has occurred. Since he is liberated from his presumption and deceptions, he can see the genuine affection of Cordelia. The utilization of a confined winged animal portrays Cordelia’s character impeccably. All through the play, she is relied upon to assume the conventional job of a lady, which is to look pretty and â€Å"sing† charmingly. This recommends ladies are relied upon to act just in the manner that their male specialists want. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that Cordelia has done nothing incorrectly and has kept on being an unwavering spouse and girl, she despite everything winds up dead because of her sisters activities. Much the same as a confined winged creature, ladies are compelled to live through the details of their proprietors. In this manner, despite the fact that they can be free, they are committed to tune in to whatever their proprietors need. Likewise, this shows how men see themselves as suppliers, and the upside of this is they perceive that larger part of ladies would not have the option to adapt without anyone else in a male ruled society. Despite what might be expected, Shakespeare utilizes the picture of a winged creature to show their increasingly ruthless and savage-like practices. These flying creatures negate the conventional picture of a winged animal as they are exceptionally hazardous and forceful. All through the play there are various references to these winged animals, for example, â€Å"the support sparrow took care of the cuckoo so long,/that it’s had it head bit off by it young† (1. 4. 203-204). The dolt expresses this to Lear since he knows about the detestable activities that both Goneril and Regan are submitting. The two little girls are raised by Lear in this way they know every one of his shortcomings and can exploit them. Likewise, when they can understand that their dad is getting old and frail, they accept this open door to free him of his capacity rapidly. The following instances of savage winged creatures in the play are by and by used to make reference to the two wickedness little girls. Be that as it may, this time Lear calls Goneril a â€Å"detested kite† (1. 4. 254), and states that them two are â€Å"pelican daughters† (3. 4. 74). Lear currently understands that he has been deluded by his little girls and that his capacity has been taken from him. These two references are likewise unexpected, as these two feathered creatures are known to eat the tissue of rotting carcasses. From numerous points of view Lear speaks to a rotting carcass, as he is getting old and frail; thusly he can be handily exploited off. In this manner, the picture of winged animals all through the play is basic since it permits Shakespeare to depict the positive and negative qualities in his characters. From the beginning of time, the dissimilarity among creatures and people is muddled. Notwithstanding, Shakespeare easily carries light to

Selection Tools The Interview as an Unreliable and Invalid Tool

Chapter by chapter guide Introduction Why the Interview is Unreliable and Invalid Ways where Interviews Can be progressively valuable Other Selection Tools Discussion and Conclusion References Introduction Employees are a basic part in all associations since their info prompts the accomplishment of organization targets. From this acknowledgment, numerous associations have a Human Resource office whose job incorporates recruiting workers. This movement is significant since the association may wind up needing work force to fill new positions or to supplant representatives who have left the company.In choosing contender for businesses, various instruments are depended on to help in the determination dynamic. Publicizing We will compose a custom exposition test on Selection Tools: The Interview as an Unreliable and Invalid Tool explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most ordinarily utilized choice apparatus is the meeting which is utilized to attempt to show si gns of improvement appraisal of the potential recruit. Nonetheless, look into shows that the meeting is untrustworthy and invalid determination device (French Rumbles 2010). This paper will decide to examine the reasons why the meeting is commonly viewed as invalid and inconsistent. It will at that point continue to propose manners by which this device can be made increasingly helpful for the choice procedure. The paper will likewise examine two other determination devices that can be joined into the choice procedure in order to improve choice dynamic. Why the Interview is Unreliable and Invalid Employee enlistment and determination is basic for the endurance of an association since it empowers it to procure the work force who will give it an upper hand. In the determination procedure, the most broadly utilized instrument is the meeting (Simola Taggar 2007; Dipboye 1992). All things being equal, this instrument experiences restricted dependability and legitimacy. Dependability allud es to the solidness of a determination instrument where the appraisal made is predictable after some time. Legitimacy alludes to the worthiness of the choice measure to accurately check properties, for example, work ability and occupation execution by the competitor. These inadequacies are a direct result of the accompanying reasons. In any case, interviews don't empower the supervisor to figure the future occupation execution of the competitor. In all determination forms, the point of the directors is to look over the pool of candidates the person(s) well on the way to prevail in the activity being applied for. Passing judgment on the exhibition of the individual is consequently a key angle in the determination procedure. French and Rumbles (2010) express that meetings are inconsistent indicators of candidate’s execution in all actuality. Rather, interviews give the second to the contender to intrigue the scout with their relational abilities or even allure (Mason Schroeder 2010). In that capacity, the data about a potential recruit that is gotten here is abstract, best case scenario and the questioner isn't furnished with minimal authentic, objective, or prescient work information about the competitor. Determination requires the director to get, sort out and comprehend the data they get concerning the potential up-and-comer. The exactness of the observation caused will to majorly affect the choice showed up at (French Rumbles 2010). In a prospective employee meet-up, there are significant time-obliges which increment the odds of committing errors in seeing the potential hire.Advertising Looking for exposition on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unreliability of the meeting likewise originates from the degree of tact that a questioner has. In certain occasions, the questioner is permitted to direct the meeting in an unstructured way and the inquiries posed shift amon g the competitors (Mason Schroeder 2010. The questioner may in this manner go astray from work fitting inquiries which will incredibly decrease the unwavering quality of the procedure. The reaction assessment for different applicants may likewise vary which will mean inconsistent outcomes being gotten from the procedure. The meeting is more inclined to predisposition than other choice devices. This predisposition might be because of the initial introduction of the interviewee or a narcissistic inclination where the enrollment specialist assesses an up-and-comer by reference to himself/herself. When the enrollment specialist is one-sided, he/she will see the competitor in an abstract way and the choice showed up won't be the best. French and Rumbles (2010) express that predisposition may bring about a promising applicant being excused rashly by the questioner. Manners by which Interviews Can be progressively helpful For the estimation of meetings to be expanded, they ought to be led or directed via prepared people. With appropriate preparing or management, the interviewee will maintain a strategic distance from regular traps, for example, being one-sided while leading the meeting. Prepared enrollment specialists will realize the correct inquiries to pose in a meeting and will abstain from posing inquiries that are seen as immaterial or which increase the value of the choice procedure. Simola and Taggar (2007) unequivocally express that questioners should look for preparing in order to build their adequacy when directing meetings and settling on choices from them. The legitimacy of meetings can likewise be expanded by having the meeting utilize an organized meeting. Simola and Taggar (2007, p.31) express that â€Å"interview structure improves the unwavering quality and legitimacy of the determination interview†. Normalization of the meeting procedure guarantees that change across candidates is diminished which implies that the level of prudence stood to the questioner is decreased. A very much characterized set of inquiries which are applicable to the activity profile that the up-and-comer would like to fill ought to be utilized in the meeting. Concentrate on work related models diminishes the capability of the meeting being affected by unessential qualities which expands the legitimacy of the choice (Cooper Robertson, 1995). What's more, meetings ought to likewise offer the applicant a chance to pose inquiries. As has been noticed, the spotter is assaulted by a ton of data on the interviewee during the procedure. Simola and Taggar (2007) suggest the utilization of note-taking which is related with better review of data. These notes ought to be taken on up-and-comer reaction during the meeting itself rather than taking the notes toward the finish of the interview.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Selection Tools: The Interview as an Unreliable and Invalid Tool explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e To help beat the predisposition that might be displayed by a questioner, a board talk with which comprises of different questioners at the same time meeting the competitor can be utilized. This board will expand the dependability of the meeting since the inclination which might be there in any single rater will have less effect. Campion et al (1997) express that all exploration shows that the utilization of boards is better than the utilization of single questioners. Other Selection Tools Personality profiles are an intense device that can be utilized in the choice procedure to improve choice dynamic. Character appraisal are supposed to be the best and least cost apparatuses accessible for the recruiting procedure. A complete Personality evaluation test will require around 2 hours and it is said to have 40% consistency. Basham et al. (2009) proclaims that HR experts can utilize character profiles to discover an assortment of applicants who have characters and styles that the assoc iation needs. Research demonstrates that utilizing appraisal for prescreening candidates brought about a 51% decrease in turnover rates (Basham et al 2009) Another device that can be utilized in the determination procedure is the bent test which measures thecritical, critical thinking, learning and thinking capacities of the competitor. Bent tests are particularly pertinent in occupations that require elevated levels of critical thinking and basic intuition abilities from the representative (French Rumbles 2010). These tests are incredible indicators of execution and they in this manner help supervisors to choose people who will show great job execution in future.Aptitude tests additionally measure abilities and different properties that are significant for the activity. Inclination tests along these lines help the HR work force to concentrate consideration on the applicant who appears to hold most guarantee. Conversation and Conclusion French and Rumbles (2010) attest that enlistme nt and determination structure a center part in the administration of HR in the association. The adequacy of choice is significant since there are sure costs that an association will cause for misunderstanding things. In the first place, the immediate expenses of enlistment will be caused if the enrollment and determination process must be rehashed when workers leave the association. Other certain expenses of choosing an inappropriate representative are terrible showing which brings about diminished profitability for the organization.Advertising Searching for paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This paper set out to show that shortcomings that are there in interviews. To this end, the paper has featured the issues that make interviews temperamental and invalid. Approaches to address this have been proposed and different devices that can be utilized in the determination procedure recommended. From this paper, plainly choice choices ought not be founded exclusively on interviews however on a wide scope of choice apparatuses. References Basham, MJ, Stader, DL Bishop, HN 2009, How ‘‘pathetic’’ is your recruiting procedure? a use of the lessig ‘‘pathetic dot’’ model to instructive recruiting rehearses, Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 33 (3): 363â€385. Campion, M A, Palme

College Essay Samples - Use Them to Express Yourself

College Essay Samples - Use Them to Express YourselfExpressing myself is a constant struggle. It is, however, so easy to get overwhelmed and we find ourselves rushing through essays for fear of forgetting to express ourselves. In order to avoid this problem, you can create great college essay samples that you can use for express yourself. They will help you stay on track and you will be able to complete your college work easily.First, you need to realize that writing is a skill. While it may seem easy, the more you write, the more you will learn to express yourself. You will have to expand your skills beyond writing to learning to organize your thoughts. That is where college essay samples come in. You can simply pick one that you like and use it as a guide, or you can use them as a foundation for writing.The best writing is done with great writing tips and essay samples. The internet provides you with all sorts of material you can use to write better and express yourself easily. You r college essay is the first step in your educational journey and you should treat it with care and make it something you are proud of.For that, you need to do a good research online. Your college work is one of the most important things you will ever complete in your life. So, it is important that you spend time thinking about it so that you have it ready to tackle when it comes time to write.When you get done with the different materials that you need, you can start with one of the samples. Your goal will be to get it down as well as possible and make it your own. If you don't like it, you can always go back and make adjustments to it until you are satisfied with it.A college essay can be hard work. But, you should also know that it is so easy to become overwhelmed and overwhelm your writing skills. You want to be ready for anything and want to make sure that you learn how to express yourself in a way that everyone can understand.Use the right college essay samples and you will ne ver worry about it again. Then, you can move on to other parts of your course work. With it out of the way, you can then focus on more important things.There are many places that offer free college essay samples. You just need to know where to look. It is a good idea to consider a college guidebook because it can provide you with everything you need to write a very good and exciting college essay. You will be able to make your college experience as memorable as possible, and there is nothing that makes you happier than being able to thank your parents for their sacrifice!

THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON OF 1666 - 1500 Words

THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON OF 1666 The Great Fire of London of 1666 that was started by Thomas Farrinor’s bakery caused the destruction of 80 percent of London and led to the creation of insurance and firefighting companies. The fire marked a time of rebirth for the British capital since the city had to rebuild entirely. The fire was quite an interesting event owing the fact that it caused such an extreme amount of destruction and took the lives of only six people. Londoners remember the seventeenth century as a time of desolation, but the events that occurred have impacted the world today. With the creation of insurance and firefighting, not only are people protected, but their property also. As a rule, builders in seventeenth-century†¦show more content†¦Farrinor immediately ran upstairs and when he reached the top, he saw flames, but the flames were not near his ovens, or even close to a pile of wood near the ovens (Shields 80-81). The family then searched for an esc ape route out of the house (Alagna 4). Unable to exit downstairs due to a blocked path, the Farrinor family fled to the roof. The family begged their maid to follow them but she was more afraid of heights than the fire. She stayed in the house and was the first person to die in the Great Fire. The family, however, continued across rooftops until they were safe from the fire (Shields 81). Subsequently, the flames were halfway across London Bridge soon after the fire was started. Two groups of buildings, separated by a clearance, sat on London Bridge (Alagna 19). Pieces of the burning buildings fell into the river causing the water to turn into smoke and steam (Hanson 53). The sights and sounds of the London Bridge burning and falling in the water, created a dark perception for onlookers. The previously mentioned clearance in the London Bridge was a successful firebreak in an earlier fire, and it was successful again in the Great Fire. London was lucky that only one-third of London B ridge burned (Alagna 19). Furthermore, the fire continued to spread rapidly. Huge pieces of wood fell, burning and blazing, forming bridges for the fire to spread to other buildings. Every house became fuel to the fire, so it could growShow MoreRelatedThe Great Fire Of London1142 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2, 1666, a monstrous inferno incinerated nearly eighty-percent of London within four days. This calamity caused thousands of frightened people to become homeless. The Great Fire of London portrays the harsh reality of a devastating catastrophe: the burning of an entire city and the steps taken towards the recreation of a thriving empire. 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Theme Of Lord Of The Flies - 1453 Words

Joshua Bradshaw Mrs. Varnam English 10, Period 2 23 November 2014 Theme Developed in Lord of the Flies Different events in life can change who people are. These events can change anyone including people who are civilized and well educated. Life-changing events bring out different sides of people. These sides can be unexpected and sometimes horrifying. This is shown in the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding. A group of well-educated and upper-class boys survive a plane crash and are stranded on a deserted island in the Pacific. These boys range from younger kids to teenage boys. The island and the challenge of survival tests the boys on who they really are. Some of these boys want to survive in an orderly and productive way whereas others are not concerned about getting rescued and turn into savages. In the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the author uses character conflict and setting to teach that man is essentially good but has evil in him. 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The theme of Lord of the Flies has been questioned and speculated about for decades. To answer the critics, Golding said that the theme was to trace the problems of society back to the sinful nature of man. He wrote the book to show how political systems cannot govern society effectivelyRead MoreLord Of The Flies Innocence Theme Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesTherefore, as the boys turn to savageness, they lose their innocence and display evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In a literary criticism done by Gale Student Resources, the major theme pointed out is that there is an element of evil within us all. In the story, Golding shows that the young boys are capable of evil acts. The innocence is not within the children. (â€Å"Lord of the Flies†)   Ã‚  Ã‚   In many instances, the behavior among the boys is rapidly changed to savageness. Specifically, pigs become a big part in the route to evil andRead MoreTheme Of Fear In Lord Of The Flies1038 Words   |  5 PagesRecognizing Aspects of Fear We fear what we cannot see, we fear the unknown and it forces society to juristically change because it’s a part of human nature. In Lord of The Flies, by William Golding, Fear has been portrayed explicitly throughout, as fear is the source of conflicts within the boys, by affecting the nature and civilization on the island itself between the rivalry of Ralph and Jack and the through the decent into savagery causing fear to one another which had subsequently changeRead MoreTheme Of Pathos In Lord Of The Flies869 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the flies is a classic that uncovers the dark and disastrous personality of the most decent human being. The author, William Golding, uses pathos to bring an emotion of tragedy into the book which helps the reader to pick up on the the underlying messages about people. A form of logos can be picked up throughout the story as well by the description of the of insanity or backstabbing that is usually associated with stranding and inclosure. The book begins with a plane full of schoolboys

Marketing Strategy Study Guide Free Essays

MKT 850 Study Guide Chapter 5 * SWOT Analysis: * One of the most useful tools in analyzing marketing data and information * Links company’s situation analysis and development of marketing plan * Uses structured information to uncover competitive advantages and guide selection of the strategic focus of the marketing strategy. * Broken down into: * Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities Threats * Productive SWOT (manager should†¦) : * Use a series of SWOT analyses focusing on specific product/market combinations * Search for competitors both present and future Collaborate with other functional areas by sharing information and perspectives * Examine issues from the customers perspective by asking employees: * What do customers believe about us as a company? * Which of our weaknesses translate into a decreased ability to serve customers? * Looks for causes not characteristics considering the firms resources for each part * Separate internal and external issues using this key t est: * Would this issue exist if the firm did not exist? * If yes, issue classified as external * Strengths Weaknesses: Exist because of resources by the firm, or due to the nature of key relationships between the firm and its customers/employees/outside organizations * May be leveraged into capabilities (strengths) or overcome (weaknesses) * Meaningful only when they assist or hinder the firm in satisfying customer needs * Opportunities Threats: * Not potential marketing actions. Issues/situations that occur in the firm’s external environments. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Not ignored as the firm gets caught up in developing strengths and capabilities for fear of creating an efficient, but ineffective organization. Stem from changes in the competitive, customer, economic, political/legal, technological, and sociocultural environments. * SWOT Matrix: * Allows marketing manager to visualize the analysis * Serves as a catalyst to guide the creation of marketing strategies that will produce desired results. * Allows manager to see how strengths and opportunities might be connected to create capabilities that are key to meeting customer needs * Assesses the magnitude and importance of each strength/weak/opp/threat. * Competitive Advantage: Capabilities in relations to those held by the competition * Based on both internal and external factors * Based on reality and customer perception * Based on the basic strategies of operational excellence, product leadership, and customer intimacy. * Strategic Focus Establishment * Based on developing an overall conce pt or model that guides the firm as it weaves various marketing elements together into a coherent strategy * Tied to firm’s competitive advantage * Use results of SWOT as firm considers four directions of strategic efforts: * Aggressiveness Diversification * Turnaround * Defensiveness * Ensures the firm does not step beyond core strengths to consider opportunities outside its capabilities * Visualized through the use of a strategy canvas where the goal is to develop a value curve that is distinct from the competition * Downplay traditional industry competitive factors in favor of new approaches * Lays groundwork for development of marketing goals and objective, connects SWOT outcomes to the rest of the marketing plan. * Marketing Goals: Broad, desired accomplishments started in general terms. * Indicate the direction the firm attempts to move in, as well as the set of priorities will use in evaluating alternative and making decisions. * Should be attainable, realistic, intern ally consistent, comprehensive, and clarify the roles of all parties in the organization. * Involves some degree of intangibility * Marketing Objectives: * Specific and quantitative benchmarks that can be used to gauge progress toward the achievement of the marketing goals * Should be attainable with reasonable effort Continuous or discontinuous depending on the degree to which they depart from present objectives * Assigned to specific areas, departments, or individuals who have the responsibility to accomplish them Chapter Six * Buyer Behavior in Consumer Markets: * Often irrational and unpredictable as consumers say one thing and do another * Progress through five stages: * Need Recognition * Information Search * Evaluation of Alternatives * Purchase Decision * Post Purchase Evaluation Don’t always follow these stages in order or may skip stages * May be characterized by loyalty where consumers simply purchase the same product that they bought last time * Involves parallel sequencing of activities with finding the most suitable merchant. * Consider what product they want, and where to buy it * Can occur if a consumer is fiercely loyal to a merchant * Can be affected by: * Complexity of the purchase and decision making process * Demographics, Psychographics, and Sociocultural factors * Social influences: culture, social class, family, opinion leaders, reference groups. Situational influences: physical and spatial influences, social and personal influences, time, purchase task/usage, consumer disposition * Consumers Wants Needs: * Shouldn’t define needs as necessities because everyone has a different perspective on what constitutes a need * Needs occur when a consumers current level of satisfaction doesn’t equal their desired level * Wants are consumers desire for a specific product that will satisfy a specific need * Firm must understand basic needs fulfilled by its products. Allows firm to segment markets and create marketing programs t hat show needs into wants for their product * Most products are marketed on the basis of wants not need fulfillment * Wants are not the same as demand * Demand: occurs when the consumers ability and willingness to pay backs up a want for a specific product * Information Search: * Passive and Active: * Passive- consumer become more attentive and receptive to information * Active- consumer engages more aggressive seeking information search * Depends on several issues: Degree of risk * Level of expertise * Actual cost of search (time and money) * Culminates in an evoked set of suitable buying alternatives * Evaluation of Alternatives: * Translates needs into wants for specific products or brands * Evaluate products as bundles of attributes that have varying abilities to satisfy their needs * Priority of each consumers choice criteria can change * Want the product to be in the evoked set of potential alternatives * Constantly remind them of their company and products * Purchase Stage: I ntent to purchase and the actual act of buying are distinct concepts * Key issues: * product availability: how easy is it to get the product where the consumer is * possession utility: how easy is it to transfer ownership * Postpurchase Evaluation: * Outcome of buying process is linked to the development of long-term customer relationships. Closely follow customers’ responses to monitor performance and ability to meet customers’ expectations * Will experience one potential outcomes: Delight, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, or cognitive dissonance * Business Markets: * Purchase products for their use in their operations, like buying raw materials, buying office supplies, or leasing cars * Consists of four types of buyers: * Commercial markets * Reseller markets * Government markets * Institutional markets * Four unique characteristics not found in consumer markets: * The buyer center: economic buyers, technical buyers, and users * Hard and soft costs are equally importan t Hard- monetary price or purchase costs * Soft- downtime, opportunity costs, HR costs * Reciprocity: business buyers and sellers often buy products from each other * Mutual dependence: sole-source or limited-source buying makes both buying and selling firms mutually dependent * Business Buying Process: * Sequence of Stages: * Problem Recognition * Development of product specifications * Vendor identification and qualification * Solicitation of proposals and bids * Vendor selection Order processing * Vendor performance review * Can be affected by several factors including: environmental conditions, organizational factors, and interpersonal/individual factors * Market Segmentation: process of dividing the total market for a particular product or product category into relatively homogeneous segments or groups * Groups should have similar members, but groups must be dissimilar from each other * Fundamental decision of whether to segment at all Allows firms to be more successful due to the fact that they can tailor products to meet the needs of a particular market segment * Traditional market segmentation approach: * Used successfully for decades, not out of date, and are used by many of today’s most successful firms * Can be used in combination with newer approaches by the firm, depending on the brand/product or market in question * Successful segmentation: Must be identifiable and measureable * Substantial * Accessible * Responsive * Viable and sustainable * Avoid ethical/legally sensitive segments * Avoid viable segments that don’t match firm’s mission * Mass Marketing: no segmentation and is aimed at the total market for a product * Undifferentiated approach assumes all customers have similar needs/wants * Works best when needs are relatively homogeneous Advantage- production efficiency and lower marketing costs * Disadvantage- risky because a standardized product is vulnerable to competitors that offer specialized products that better mat ch customers’ needs * Differentiated Marketing: divides the total market into groups of customers having relatively homogenous needs, attempting to develop a marketing program that appeals to one or more of these groups * Necessary when customer needs are similar within a single group, but the needs differ across groups * Two options: * Multi-segment approach * Market concentration approach Niche Marketing: focusing efforts on one small, well defined market segment or niche that has a unique, specific set of needs * Requires that firms understand and meet needs of target customers. Although small in size, firms substantial share makes the segment highly profitable * Individualized Segmentation Approaches: * Viable due to advances in technology especially in communication and the internet * Organizations can now track customer with a high degree of specificity * Allows firms to combine demographic data with past/current purchasing behavior. Tweak marketing programs in ways tha t allow them to precisely match customers’ needs, wants, and preferences * Become more important in the future because their focus on individual customers makes them critical to the development and maintenance of long-term relationships * Expensive to deliver * Two important considerations: * Automated delivery of the marketing program * Personalization One-to-one Marketing: involves the creation of an entire unique product or marketing program for each customer in the target segment * Common in business markets where unique programs and systems are designed for each customer * Growing rapidly in consumer markets, in luxury or custom made products or services * Mass customization: providing unique products and solutions to individual customers on a mass scale * Cost-effective and practical due to advances in supply-chain management. real time inventory control) * Used frequently in business markets, especially electronic procurement systems * Permission Marketing: different f rom one-to-one marketing because customers choose to become a member of the firm’s target market * Commonly executed via opt in email lists * Advantage: customers already interested in firms offerings * Allows precise target of individuals, eliminating the problem of wasted marketing effort and expense * Identify Market Segments: selecting most relevant variables to identify and define the target market, many of which come from the situation analysis of the marketing plan. Isolation of individual characteristics that distinguish one or more segments from the total market (must have homogeneous needs) * Consumer markets involved examination of factors of one of these categories: * Behavioral segmentation: most powerful approach because it uses actual consumer behavior or product usage helps to make distinctions among market segments Demographic segmentation: divides markets using factors such as gender, age, income, and education * Psychographic segmentation: state-of-mind iss ues such as motives, attitudes, opinions, values, lifestyles, interests, and personality * Geographic segmentation: most useful when combined with other segmentation variables, geodemographic segmentation or geoclustering. * Business markets are based on types of market or on things such as: organization, characteristics, benefits sought/buying process, personal/psych characteristics, or relationship intensity. Top Marketing Strategies: * Based on evaluation of the attractiveness of each segment and whether each offers opportunities that match firms capabilities and resources * Single segment targeting, selective targeting, mass market targeting, product specialization, and market specialization. * Also consider issues related to noncustomers, like why they do not buy and finding ways to remove obstacles to purchase. Chapter 7 Product Strategy: at the heart of every organization and it defines what the organization does and why it exists * Creating a productive offering that is a bu ndle of physical (tangible), service (intangible), and symbolic (perceptual) attributes designed to satisfy customer wants/needs. * Strives to overcome commoditization by differentiating product offerings via the service and symbolic elements of the offering * Product Portfolio: * Used in both consumer (convenience, shopping, specialty, etc. and business markets (raw materials, process materials, installations, etc. ) * Used in most firms due to the advantages of selling a variety of products * Consists of a group of closely related product items (product lines) and the total group of products offered by a firm (product mix) * Involves strategic decisions such as variety and assortment of offerings * Can create benefits including: economies of scale, package uniformity, standardization, sales and distribution efficiency, etc. Service Products Challenges: stem from the intangibility of services. Other characteristics include simultaneous production/consumption, and perish ability/cli ent based relationships * Other issues: * Experience problems in balancing supply and demand * Time and place dependent because customers must be present for delivery * Customers have a difficult time evaluating quality of service before it is purchased * Quality of service is often inconsistent and hard to standardize * Need for some services are not always apparent to customers. Service marketers often have trouble tying offerings to needs * New Product Development: vital part of a firm’s efforts to sustain growth and profits * Six strategic options related to newness of products: * New-to-world products (discontinuous innovations)- which involve a pioneering effort by a firm that leads to the creation of an entirely new market * New product lines- represent new offerings by the firm, but they become introduced into established markets * Product line extensions- supplement an existing product line with new styles, models, features, or flavors * Improvements/Revisions of existing products- offer customers improved performance or greater perceived value * Repositioning- targeting existing products at new markets or segments * Cost reductions- modifying products to offer performance similar to competing products at a lower price * Depends on firms ability to create differential advantage for the new product * Proceeds through five stages: * Idea generati on * Screening and evaluation * Development * Test marketing * Commercialization * Branding Strategy: selecting the right combination of name, symbol, term, and design that identifies a specific product * Two parts: * Brand name: words, letters, and numbers * Brand mark: symbols, figures, or a design * Critical to product identification and factor used by marketers to differentiate a product from its competition * Successful- capture product offering in a way that answers a question in consumers mind * Involves many attributes that make up the way customers think about brands: * People (employees and endorsers) * Places (country of origin) * Things (events, causes, third party endorsements) * Other brands (alliances, the company, extensions) * Advantage- make it easier for customers to find and buy products * Four key issues: * Manufacturer vs. private-label brands- private label brands are more profitable than manufacturer brands for the retailers that carry them. Manufactured brands have built-in demand, recognition, and product loyalty. * Brand loyalty- positive attitude toward a brand that causes customers to have a consistent preference for that brand over all competing brands in a product category. Three levels: brand recognition, brand preference, and brand insistence * Brand equity- the value of a brand or the marketing and financial value associated with a brand’s position in the marketplace. * Brand alliances- branding strategies, such as co branding that involve d eveloping close relationships with other firms. * Packaging and labeling: * Part of developing a product, its benefits, its differentiation, and its image * Issues such as color, shape, size, convenience of the package or container * Are often used in product modifications/co branding to reposition the product or give it new features. * Vital in helping customers make proper product selections * Important environmental and legal consequences * Differentiation and Positioning: Creating differences in the firm’s product offering that set it apart from competing offerings (product differentiation) and the development and maintenance of a relative position for a product in the minds of the target market (product positioning) * Can be monitored through perceptual mapping- a visual, spatial display of customer perceptions on two or more key dimensions * Based on the brand, but also product descriptors, customer support services and image * Includes positioning strategies to strengt hen current position, reposition, or reposition the competition * Managing Products and Brands over time: * Traditional product life cycle five stages: Development: a time of no sale revenue, negative cash flow and high risk * Introduction: time of rising customer awareness, extensive marketing expenditures, and rapidly increasing sales revenue * Growth: time of rapidly increasing sales revenue, rising profits, market expansion, and increasing numbers of competitors * Maturity: time of sales and profit plateaus, a shift from customer acquisition to customer retention, and strategies aimed at holding or stealing market share * Decline: time of persistent sales and profit decreases, attempts to postpone the decline, or strategies aimed at harvesting or divesting the product * Influence by shifts in the market, or actions of the firms within the industry as they constantly reinvent themselves. Chapter 8 * Pricing: * Key factor in producing revenue for a firm * Easiest of all marketing variables to change * Important consideration in competitive intelligence * Only real means of differentiation in mature markets that are commoditized * Among most complex decisions to be made in developing a marketing plan * Sellers Actions regarding Price: Tend to inflate prices to receive as much as possible in exchange * Consider four issues in pricing strategy: * Costs * Demand * Customer value * Competitors’ prices * Have increased power over buyers when products are in short supply, high demand, or good economic times. * Buyers Actions regarding Price: * See prices as being lower than the market reality dictates * Two issues: * perceived value * price sensitivity * Considered value to be the ratio of benefits to costs. â€Å"More bang for the buck† * Increased power over sellers when large number of sellers, economy is weak, product information easy to obtain, or price comparisons are easy to make * Cutting prices: Viable means of increasing sales, moving excess inventory, or generating short-term cash flow * Based on two general pricing myths: * When business is good, a price cut will capture greater market share * When business is bad, a price cute will stimulate sales * Risky because a price cut must be offset by an increase in sales volume to maintain the same level of gross margin * Not always best strategy, maybe build value into the product instead. * Pricing strategy issues: * Pricing objectives * Nature of supply and demand in the market * Firms cost structure * Nature of competition and the structure of the industry * Stage of the product life cycle * Firms cost structure: Typically associated with pricing through breakeven analysis or cost-plus pricing * Not be the driving force behind pricing strategy because different firms have different structures * Used to establish a floor below which prices cannot be set for an extended period of time * Pricing Strategy in Services: * Critical as price may be the only cue to quality in ad vance of the purchase experience * Becomes important and more difficult when: * Service quality hard to detect prior to purchase * Costs associated with providing the service are difficult to determine * Customers are unfamiliar with the service process * Brand names are not well established * Customers can perform the service themselves * Service has poorly defined units of consumption Advertising within a service category is limited * Total price of the service experience is difficult to state beforehand * Often based on yield management systems allowing a firm to both control capacity and demand in order to maximize revenue and capacity utilization * Yield management: knowing when and where to raise prices to increase revenue or to lower prices to increase sales volume. * Implemented by limiting the available capacity at certain prices, controlling demand through price changes, and overbooking capacity * Common in services characterized by high fixed costs and low variable costs, like airlines, hotels, rental cars, cruises, etc. Allows firm to offer same basic product to different market segments at different prices * Price elasticity of demand: * Customers’ responsiveness or sensitivity to changes in price * Inelastic: quantity demanded does not respond to price changes * Elastic: quantity demanded is sensitive to price changes * Unitary: changes in price and demand offset, keeping total revenue the same * Not uniform over time and place because demand is not uniform * Price Sensitivity Increases: * Substitute products are widely available * Total expenditure is high * Changes in price are noticeable to customers * Price comparison among competing products is easy Price Sensitivity Decreases: * Substitute products are not available * Products are highly differentiated from the competition * Customers perceive products as being necessities * Prices of complementary products go down * Customers believe the product is worth the price * Time pressures o r purchase risk are involved for consumers * Major base pricing strategies include: * Market introduction pricing: used of price skimming or penetration pricing when products are first launched into the market * Prestige pricing: intentionally setting prices at the top end of all competing products in order to promote an image of exclusivity and superior quality Value-based pricing (EDLP)- setting reasonably low prices, but still offering high quality products and adequate customer service * Competitive matching- charging what is considered to be the â€Å"going rate† for the industry * Nonprice strategies- building a marketing program around factors other than price * Strategies for adjusting prices in consumer markets: * Promotional discounting: putting products on sale * Reference pricing: comparing the actual selling price to an internal or external reference price * Odd-even pricing: setting prices in odd numbers, rather than in whole, round numbers * Price bundling: bri nging together two or more complementary products for a single price * Strategies for adjusting prices in business markets: Trade discounts: reducing prices for certain intermediaries in the supply chain based on the functions that they perform * Discounts and allowances: giving buyers price breaks, including discounts for cash, quantity or bulk discounts, seasonal discounts, or trade allowances for participation in advertising or sales support programs * Geographic pricing: quotes prices based on transportation costs (distance) * Transfer pricing: pricing when one unit in an organization sells products to another unit * Barter and countertrade: full or partial payments in goods/services/buying agreements rather than in cash * Price discrimination: charging different prices to different customers * Dynamic Pricing: * Started to replace fixed pricing in many product categories * Growing in importance and popularity due to the growth of online auction firms * Three pricing levels: * O pening position * Aspiration price Price limit * Long process, but is most logical and systematic way for two parties that don’t initially agree to reach agreement * Legal Ethical Issues of Pricing: * Price discrimination: different prices to different customers. Illegal unless its basis is the actual cost differences in selling products to one customer relative to another. * Price fixing: when two or more competitors collaborate to set prices at an artificial level * Predatory pricing: firm sets prices for a product below the variable cost to drive out competitors or out of the market * Deceptive pricing: firm intentionally mislead customers with price promotions. How to cite Marketing Strategy Study Guide, Essay examples

Wuthering Heights Essay Research Paper Set in free essay sample

Wuthering Highs Essay, Research Paper Set in England on the Yorkshire Moors in the nineteenth century, Emily Bront? # 8217 ; s fresh Wuthering Heights is the narrative of lovers who try to defy the separation of societal categories and maintain their love alive.The chief characters, Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff grew up on a in-between category English countryside bungalow called Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff was the retainer and Catherine the girl of the proprietor of Wuthering Heights. As kids, Heathcliff and Catherine were the best of friends, a friendly relationship which turned to love with the coming of age. Catherine married a adult male of the upper category society and was forced to stop her love matter with Heathcliff. Catherine was happy in her matrimony at first but subsequently became overwhelmed with her desire to be with Heathcliff. She was forced to separate the difference between her love for Heathcliff and her love for her new life with money. We will write a custom essay sample on Wuthering Heights Essay Research Paper Set in or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the terminal, Catherine Earnshaw? s hubby, Edgar Linton, died and Catherine eventually realized that money and societal category were non every bit fulfilling as her desire to hold passion in her life, a desire which could merely be met by Heathcliff. Throughout the book, Catherine tried to detect who she was and what precisely she wanted. In chapters 6 and 7, Catherine thought that she had eventually discovered who she was and what she wanted. These chapters are the pinnacle of the narrative. It was the point in the book where the societal categories were determined and Catherine? s love for Heathcliff was forced to be supressed. Heathcliff and Catherine were still yo ung and playing together innocently one day. This was before Catherine became a member of the upperclass society and realized that she could not love Heathcliff because of his social class. Heathcliff and Catherine wandered beyond the secure gates of Wuthering Heights to a large estate owned by Edgar Linton called Thrushcross Grange. They spyed through one of the windows and were caught by Linton. Heathcliff managed to escape in time but Catherine injured herself and was taken in by Linton?s servants. Catherine stayed at Thrushcross Grange while Heathcliff return! ed to Wuthering Heights. She stayed at the estate for several weeks being nursed by Linton and his servants. The time she spent with Linton caused her to fall in love with him, causing her to permanently be separated from Heathcliff and the lower class life she used to know. Catherine became so absorbed in her new life that she forgot about Heathcliff and the pain he was feeling, until she realizes that there was somethin g missing in her life. She finally knew that in order for her to become a whole person, she needed to be with her other half, Heathcliff.Although there are many different important messages in this novel, the main value is the changes which occur in and between the characters. It is a love story which deals with the social classes and the supression of true feelings. Wuthering Heights is a tragedy because of what happens when the characters finally discover what was truely meant to be. Wuthering Heights bestowes a moral value onto the reader of discrimination and true heart-break.

Multi-Narrative Essay Example

Multi Multi-Narrative Essay Multi-Narrative Essay How Collins portrays Victorian attitudes will also be examined in this essay. Not much Is revealed about MISS. Clack In any of the narratives apart from hers. Collins gives her a voice for a specific reason. Through her he can criticism the other characters without criticizing them directly and this gives more depth to the novel. In Footbridges first narrative we learn very little about Miss. Clack but his narrative introduces us to the character of Miss. Clack. As we know very little about her it creates a sense of suspense, as she becomes another part of the puzzle of who stole he Diamond. In her narrative we get an Insight to what Miss. Clack Is really like. She Is shown to have a curious nature, as she says, l waited for a minute or two, more than a minute or two. This is said when Miss. Clack is considering who had entered the house. Because of her curiosity and suspicion, the reader Is also curious and suspicious. What Miss. Clack discovered was Geodesys proposal to Rachel. If Collins had not set the style as a multi-narrative structure then this important piece of information would not have been revealed to us. No other character Is as curious as Goodbye than Clack, so she Is the only one who found out about his proposal. She also keeps enquiring throughout the narrative about the secret which Rachel and Mr.. Brief hold. This makes the reader suspicious as to what information is being withheld from Clack. We also find out more about Victorian attitudes due to the multi-narrative structure, as each character has their own views on events, and the reader can see how different classes treat the same events. MISS. Clack Is born of a higher class, and this Is shown by her arrogance and It can be seen that she Is also stuck In her class spite the poorer circumstances at the point when she is writing. She wants to be accepted by the upper classes and does not want to be downgraded. She moves to a little town and her excuse for this is for economys sake. People in Victorian times saw class as an important matter, and they would strive to be in the best circles they could possibly be in. This Is why Clack Justifies her move, as she does not want people to tank seen NAS move Tort toner reasons, sun as a lack AT money . Nils snows she is prepared to Justify and maybe change details to Justify events or actions. Clack is also very religious as she reinforces her statements with religious words. My sacred regard for truth is This suggests she is very religiously minded, as were most Victorians of that day and age, who thought there main aim should be getting to heaven. She is strictly religious, and her strictness is also portrayed in her narrative. She had a strict routine and liked to keep things ordered, and not vary them. In the same order, same place, even the same chair. This sho ws Clack has a very disciplined way of doing things, meaning her account is useful for giving us the right vents in the right order. Sergeant Cuffs narrative is set out in Just the way the reader would expect a detective to write. He gives his opinions and thoughts about the theft of the Diamond along with an explanation of why he believes what he believes what he believes. He backs up his explanation with evidence. He believed Goodbye was killed by being smothered with a pillow from his bed, as he was found with the pillow of the bed over his face. Although this seems trivial it is an underlying principle of his personality. He feels the need to explain every event that happened and not Just state what happened. This is what makes the reader believe Sergeant Cuff must be right as he explains his views, unlike some of the characters. Cuffs intellectualism is also shown in his narrative along with his Just views, which makes the reader inclined to trust his Judgment. Sergeant Cuffs narrative is important as it shows how Collins has made him very inquisitive. He says l shall endeavourer showing he is interested in finding out more. It is this inquisitiveness that sets off a widespread detective-fever amongst the other characters, victims and suspects alike. This fever spreads from Franklin Blake, to Gabriel Bettered, to Matthew Brief, to Mr.. Marguerite, to the three Indians and widens the net of suspicion, the opposite of what is trying to be achieved. Cuff makes many predictions as to what has happened, although not all of them have solid evidence. When writing about who committed the murder, he puts, There is here moral if not legal evidence that the murder was committed by the Indians. As it is not legal evidence, the reader is not totally sure if it was the Indians who committed the crime, and this brings a sense of suspense, as the crime may have been committed y someone other than the Indians. Here Collins is trying to show equality and there should not be a prejudice against the Indians. Just because they are different it doesnt make them inferior and have different morals, meaning they are prepared to steal. The sense of suspense is maintained throughout the novel due to the multi-narrative structure. Where one narrative ends and the sense of mystery seems to have settled down a new narrative begins and a new sense of mystery is brought about. Using character who hadnt played a role in the previous narrative, suspense is kept throughout the novel. A new perspective on the mystery is given in each narrative Ana Day ten time ten reader NAS Decode accustomed to one perspective, ten next perspective begins and constant suspense is achieved throughout the novel. Ezra Jennings narrative is set out differently from the rest as it is comprised of extracts from his Journal. This means that everything he writes in there he believes to be the truth. Because of the multi-narrative structure some of the narratives could have an altered version of the truth and might not give an accurate view of the occurring events, leading the reader astray. Jennings has an outsider role in the evolve as he is the doctors assistant and because he is associated with medicine he is not popular, as the Victorians were suspicious of the medical profession. Collins tries to show everybody should be accepted throughout the play and this is finalized with the outsider character being the one to solve the mystery. This is also shown as Roseanne, one of the maids, is an outsider but she plays a large role in the novel and Collins also tries to create sympathy for her. Jennings was the character who was mainly responsible for solving the mystery of the Diamond through scientific nature, which can be compared to forensic evidence. The Moonstone was the first novel to explore forensic science and it showed how at this point of the Victorian era, they were advancing in the new science of criminology. Collins purposely makes the detective expert (Sergeant Cuff fail in solving the mystery while the scientific man (Ezra Jennings) succeeds. This shows Collins could have been making the point that the Victorians were now starting to put more and more faith into science, although they still were suspicious about it. Bettered says Jennings has a medical enterprise. This proves that he is a scientific man and the other characters can see that. Jennings also accepts he is a scientific man, showing it is proud to be so in the eyes of the Victorians. He says Science sanctions my proposal, fanciful as it may seem. Jennings is the one who introduces the idea of the opium causing Franklin Blake to act to take the Diamond. He explains that Franklin was not in his right mind when he took it, and was in a state of sleep-walking. Because Flakes mind was on the Diamond when he went to sleep the opium made him concentrate on this when it took effect. However because people were suspicious at the time of medical practice Jennings did not voice his opinion straight away. Jennings is introduced as a mystery to us, and all we know is that he is Dry. Candys assistant. This creates suspense as he has been mentioned in the other narratives as well but the reader is still suspicious of him as they know little about him. Gradually Collins presents more of him, and the reader finds out Jennings is part English and part Indian. Jennings holds a mysterious place at the heart of both worlds, Just like he is at the heart of the novel. His experiment on Franklin Blake reveals the suspicion the English had against the three Indians should be returned upon them, as in the end it is one of their own, Goodbye Blithest, who played the major role in the crime. I believe using multiple voices had the desired effect that Collins wanted it to. It created suspense throughout the novel and a feeling that nothing was definitive and anything could change to alter the path of the novel. This technique especially works in a detective novel as details are crucial and if these details are mixed, which is done using multiple voices then a lot of suspense and uncertainness is caused.

Bonny Lee Bakley, Murdered Wife of Actor Robert Blake

Bonny Lee Bakley, Murdered Wife of Actor Robert Blake Bonny Lee Bakley was not a good girl. She was a con artist who used sex and deception to bilk men- many of the rich and famous- out of their money, and their children out of their inheritance. She was shot to death in May 2001 and her husband at the time, actor Robert Blake, was charged with the crime. Still, there was a long list of other people with a motive. Bakleys Childhood Years Bonny Lee Bakley was born June 7, 1956 in Morristown, New Jersey. As a young girl, her dreams were similar to others her age, to one day become rich and famous. Perhaps her impoverished home helped to drive these fantasies. Or, perhaps the desire to leave her hometown and begin her road to stardom grew deeper after she suffered from sexual abuse by her father. Whatever the cause, her drive for stardom became a blind obsession. Marriage for Profit It is believed that Bakley felt ostracized as a child for being poor. She grew to be an attractive teen. She decided to try modeling, and she signed on with a nearby agency. Through the agency,​ she met an immigrant named Evangelos Paulakis, who was desperate to stay in the U.S. and needed to get married  to do so. Bakley agreed to marry him for a price, but not long after the two shared I dos, Bakley, with the money safely tucked away, ended the marriage, and Paulakis was picked by the authorities and deported. After high school, Bakley headed to New York to begin her climb to stardom. She started calling herself Lee Bonny. She managed to get various small modeling jobs, and even worked as an extra in a few movies. But her goal of becoming a star was not  happening. So, she set her attention on other ways to achieve, if not stardom, the fortune that came with it. Her focus switched from becoming a star to marrying one. Bakleys Sex Scam Business In her mid-twenties, Bakley married her cousin, Paul Gawron, a laborer who was street tough and prone to violent behavior. They had two children who Gawron mainly cared for while Bakley worked toward her new endeavor, a mail-order business that focused on scamming lonely men out of money. Had Bakley not chosen a less-than-desirable avenue, her  entrepreneurial  spirit mixed with her ability to market, organize, and profit in a highly competitive industry could have been admirable. Gawron and Bakley had a twisted and volatile marriage. Bakley, who was busy scamming money from men, sometimes in the couples bedroom, was satisfied to let Gawron stay home. He seemed to enjoy not having to work. But, by 1982, the marriage ended. Bakleys obsession to be in the inner circles of the famous mixed with the fact that she was not getting any younger. This motivated her decision to leave her kids in Gawrons care and head to Memphis, Tennessee, to the door of musical artist, Jerry Lee Lewis. Bakley Stalks Jerry Lee Lewis Bakleys money-making sex schemes coupled with her use of stolen credit cards and identification kept her mobile, and she was able to fly to locations where Jerry Lee Lewis was performing. Bordering stalking, Bakley  would often crash parties and show up at performances just to get in closer to Lewis. Finally, the two met around 1982, and a friendship developed. Jerry Lee Lewis and Bakley remained friends until Bakley became pregnant and told everyone that the childs father was Jerry Lee Lewis and that he was leaving his wife to marry her. When the child was born, Bakley named her  Jerry Lee and put on the ​​birth certificate, father undetermined. The friendship between Lewis and Bakley ended and baby Jerry Lee was sent to live with Bakleys ex-husband and her other children. Later it was discovered that Bakley made death threats against Lewiss wife. Bakleys Anything Goes Policy Bakleys address book filled up with names, some famous and some just rich. Names such as Robert DeNiro, Sugar Ray Leonard, and Jimmy Swaggart were found among the list. Bakleys sex business became bolder, and she advertised in sex magazines that she was a tri-sexual, meaning she would try anything once and her preference was sadomasochism, couples sex, and bisexuality. She swindled men out of hundreds of thousands of dollars with her anything goes claims. Bakley was arrested for trying to write bad checks to the tune of $200,000 and was sentenced to report to a penal farm on weekends for three years. In Arkansas, she was arrested for carrying more than 30 fake identifications and was placed on probation. When she completed her sentence in Tennessee, and her friendship with Lewis was over, she decided it was time to leave the South, and she headed to the land of fame and stardom- Hollywood. Bakley and Robert Blake Tie the Knot Bonny continued running  sex scams in magazines, and dating a few stars, one being Christian Brando. How she and Baretta star Robert Blake met, depends on who you ask. Bakleys sister said they met at a jazz club and bonded from across the room. Blakes attorney said Robert Blake did not even know her name and they had sex in the back of a truck, never in his home. Whatever is the truth, one thing was for certain; it was not a match made in heaven. Shortly after the affair began, Bakley told Blake that she was pregnant. Sources say Bakley was taking fertility pills as a way to trap the star into her web. When the baby was born, she named her  Christian Shannon Brando and listed Brando as the father. A  paternity test later proved the father to be Blake. Bonny Lee and Robert Blake married in November 2000, and Bonny moved into a guest house on the property. Bakleys Murder After only six months of marriage, in May 2001, Blake and Bakley went to dinner at Vitellos Italian Restaurant, where Blake was a regular customer. After dinner, the two walked to their car. According to Blake, he realized he left his revolver at the restaurant and left to retrieve it. When he returned to the car, he found Bakley with a gunshot wound to her head, dying in the front seat. Blake ran for help, but Bakley soon died. After a year of investigations, Blake was arrested and charged with the murder of Bonny Lee Bakley. On March 15, 2005, a jury of seven women and five men deliberated for more than 36 hours before returning a verdict of not guilty in the murder of his wife and not guilty on one count of soliciting someone to murder her.   Although acquitted in criminal court, the Baretta star was not so lucky in civil court, where a verdict does not need to be unanimous.  A civil jury decided 10 to 2 that  the tough-guy actor was behind the slaying and ordered him to pay Bonny Lee Bakley’s four children $30 million. Resources and Further Reading King, Gary C. Murder In Hollywood: The Secret Life and Mysterious Death of Bonny Lee Bakley. St. Martins, 2001.Bloom, Lisa. â€Å"Our Bodies, Ourselves: Clara Harris and Bonny Bakley.† Court TV, The Internet Archive, 13 Mar. 2003.

Is there a gender equality in Afghanistan, and have they empower women Research Paper

Is there a gender equality in Afghanistan, and have they empower women and give them the chance to represent the afghan society - Research Paper Example The HDI of Afghanistan as of 2014 is 0.468. The country became independent on 19th August 1919.The population of Afghanistan is 31,108,744 as of 2014. This includes approximately 2.6 million refugees who still live in neighboring areas like Iran and Pakistan. The only city in the country which has a pop0ltuon of more than one million is the capital city of Afghanistan, Kabul. Afghanistan is one of the poorest, least developed and most impoverished nations in the world. Throughput the history of Afghanistan, gender inequality has persisted in almost all segments of the Afghan society. The afghan women have experienced major oppression and violence that have resulted in the women of the country becoming oppressed and dominated beings in the country. The processes of oppression in the Afghan culture are deeply rooted and penetrate into the lives of the women in Afghanistan. As a result of all these practices and factors, the women in Afghanistan have started having very low level of self-consciousness have also internalized their images in the society as propagated by their male counterparts. The challenges that are inherent to the problem of gender inequality in Afghanistan are twofold in nature. On one side, the male counterparts of the society consider that the oppression and violence done against the women counterparts of the society are justified as per the socio cultural norms that have been practiced in the Afghan society in the traditional formats. In contrast, the women of the country have become oppressed by these episodes of violence and discriminations because the attitude and behaviors associated with subordination and suppression and being dominated are deeply entrenched in the cultural and social systems of Afghanistan. Thus, the extensive control of the male entities in the society on the woman and the existence of patriarchal arrangements in the rural and urban areas of the country have led to the men of Afghanistan

Writting assessmet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writting assessmet - Essay Example He was against the concept of family life that was being developed by the bourgeoisie family whose priority had shifted to wealth from love. This exemplifies the contemporary democratic American family lifestyle as Marx predicted in his Communist Manifesto. 3. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto sheds light on the different classes created during that period. Clash and exploitation have been the main driving force of the relationship two main classes: The Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat. They both remain at conflict with each other because of their economic disparity as the Bourgeoisie Class is associated with wealth, politics and social power while Proletariat’s only source of power is their ability to work. While there remains a constant strive between the two, the irony was that they could not survive without each other. The Bourgeoisie needed the hard work of the Proletariat while the Proletariat was depended on the money and the work provided by the Bourgeoisie. The Proletariat fought for the power to prevent being exploited. It was perhaps on account of this constant striving that labor unions helped provide some power to the Proletariat during the American Steel Revolution. 4. Schumpeter pointed out that the entire society would be able to take advantage of the upsurge of total output. He further pointed out that it was the lower income status group that would be able to enjoy the most advantage. He attributed this prediction to the fact that as the income increased all over Europe, the buying power would eventually increase and people would be more willing to spend on buying and attaining new products and services. 5. David S. Landes, in his book, points out three principal reasons for increase in the average income of the common man in Europe after the Industrial Revolution. Firstly, machines took over the job of people and skills and mastery was no longer in demand; secondly, the concept of mass production where products were

Free Essays - Religious Motifs in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays

Religious Motifs in Frankenstein Upon completion of this novel, a clearly prevalent and outstanding motif is that of religion and biblical reference. The frequent references to religion come in varied forms from that of biblical role-playing, to that of the fate of our current society. Another related argument that occurs can be the relationship of biblical role-playing and character domination. When all are combined appropriately, a very strong and prominent key motif in this novel is produced. Mary Shelley might have used religion reference as a method of showing us how something that happened during the creation of the earth can be related and brought to us via modern day fantasy creations. It is important for us to realize this connection because it will help us to understand an important deeper meaning of this work. The most important religious comparison in Frankenstein, are the outstanding similarities between Victor as God and the monster as Lucifer. This idea is proven by the monster in the quote where he states, " I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed." Broken down, this quote shows us that the monster feels that he is the neglected creation and that he has been created to be unhappy, although he has committed no wrongdoing, and he doesn't deserve to be mistreated by society. As it goes in the bible, God created Lucifer as the most brilliant and beautiful angel in the sky with good intentions, but Lucifer turned his back on his creator and began a notorious streak of evil as the "malignant devil." Now if the role of God is switched with that of Victor, and the role of Lucifer is switched with that of the monster, the story is retold in almost the same context. Now to prove that this is not just farf etched speculation, the monster even says in his quote that he ought to be Adam, God's successful creation, rather than the fallen angel (Lucifer). Among other quotes in which the monster deigns Victor as [his] creator, this is a powerful novel reference and this quote beautifully shows the direct motif of religious role-playing in Frankenstein. Free Essays - Religious Motifs in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays Religious Motifs in Frankenstein Upon completion of this novel, a clearly prevalent and outstanding motif is that of religion and biblical reference. The frequent references to religion come in varied forms from that of biblical role-playing, to that of the fate of our current society. Another related argument that occurs can be the relationship of biblical role-playing and character domination. When all are combined appropriately, a very strong and prominent key motif in this novel is produced. Mary Shelley might have used religion reference as a method of showing us how something that happened during the creation of the earth can be related and brought to us via modern day fantasy creations. It is important for us to realize this connection because it will help us to understand an important deeper meaning of this work. The most important religious comparison in Frankenstein, are the outstanding similarities between Victor as God and the monster as Lucifer. This idea is proven by the monster in the quote where he states, " I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed." Broken down, this quote shows us that the monster feels that he is the neglected creation and that he has been created to be unhappy, although he has committed no wrongdoing, and he doesn't deserve to be mistreated by society. As it goes in the bible, God created Lucifer as the most brilliant and beautiful angel in the sky with good intentions, but Lucifer turned his back on his creator and began a notorious streak of evil as the "malignant devil." Now if the role of God is switched with that of Victor, and the role of Lucifer is switched with that of the monster, the story is retold in almost the same context. Now to prove that this is not just farf etched speculation, the monster even says in his quote that he ought to be Adam, God's successful creation, rather than the fallen angel (Lucifer). Among other quotes in which the monster deigns Victor as [his] creator, this is a powerful novel reference and this quote beautifully shows the direct motif of religious role-playing in Frankenstein.

The California-Illini Manufacturing Company’s (Ci)

The California-Illini Manufacturing Company's (CI) Q1. What is the firm's competitive strategy? Does the strategy seem appropriate? In the strictest sense, competitive strategy refers to how a company can gain a competitive advantage through a market while finding a distinctive way of competing. California-Illini Manufacturing Company is able to compete in the Global industry because they are handmade tillage and cultivating tools and they are American made; they use expensive metal pieces and are hand metal forged, along with using manual electric arc welders.There is in most every market the opportunity for handmade products, for example Lamborghini cars are hand made vehicles, which are more expensive, but because of the extensive labor they are considered to be better built. The industry however, is very competitive in American and the global market, and there are cheaper options available. With that said I think there is still a substantial market for the rugged, handmade, Ameri can tools and they should stick to their design strategy and use their family built, third- Generation Company known for the quality of tools as their trademark. Q2.What motivated the cost reduction strategy? Did the cost reduction strategy work? Why? The cost reduction strategy occurred because during the early to mid 1980’s during President Reagan’s first term an economic downturn struck companies, this depressed market caused many businesses like CI to struggle. Their inventory was down and the cash flow was poor, the company began to look into cutting cost, increasing prices, technology and productivity. In the short run (1989) the cost cutting strategy failed, operating expenses were up 20%, along with increased inventories by 24% and net profits continued to slip!Q3. How did CI's standard cost system affect the cost reduction strategy? CI’s cost system was developed to measure performance and profit potential, each materials and labor input is given and pr oduction managers are demanded to meet or improve the standards. In the end the new PCIC manager suggested increasing the job lots from 100 to 150 rather than the 6,000. The company decided to remain loyal to their old performance cost system instead of taking an alternative approach which may have helped CI. The process seems to be broken and they are just blindly following the approach to measuring performance.The cost reduction strategy seemed to be well meaning, and had the opportunity for success BUT, CI was chained to old ideas and old ways of thinking, past successes don’t always ensure future success. Q4. What is the role of work-in-process in the cost reduction strategy? The work-in process was important in the implementation of the cost reduction strategy. In General, there are three stages of cost of goods: Raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods. The cost of each stage includes materials cost, labor cost, and overhead. The cost reduction strat egy needs to cut the cost from every stage.Work-in-process is very important. There are always many steps during work-in-process, such as setup and Assembly. We can cut cost by using economic sizes, shorting routine time, and decreasing variances. In this case, the company planned to increase batch sizes to improve productivity. The short-time result was impressive because plant efficiency measures rose about 15%. But it also caused some negative effects. In order to improve efficiency measures, departments kept processing large lots regardless of current demand. It brought much storage expense, overtime expense and it made scheduling difficult.All these costs play a negative effect in the cost reduction strategy. Q5. Is the new (PCIC) manager on the right track with the smaller lot sizes? Yes, the PCIC manager is on the right track. Now the company has a big problem:Inventories increased by 24% and net profits continued to deteriorate. The current level of processing job lots 6. 00 0 is a main reason to cause this problem. It produced large batches when the demand is not that high. So it is an effective way to solve the problem by reducing the processing job lots. But the big change from 6000 to 100 or 150 cannot make sure the stability of the company.It needs to be reconsidered. By managing the constraints, they are not over producing and building inventory levels for products that won't sell. Q6. What steps is the PCIC likely to take now? The final goal is to increase the profits. The most important things are to improve operations and increase sales volume. Firstly, reduce the processing job lots and control lead times. The company should not produce and build inventory levels for products that won't sell. They should provide the high quality productions to customers as soon as possible. Secondly, restore domestic sales. As reported that domestic volume decreased by 11. %.The company should find the reasons and get back the domestic share. Thirdly, open up new international markets. Q7. What type of cost system should be used at CI? CI should implement a cost system that would be flexible and adhere to the changing market situations and that would be the ABC cost system. Importance should not be based so much on the amount that a company would produce at a given time. CI may have saved so much in input costs while producing a lot within a shorter time but if these products are not what the market needs or wants, everything would just be a waste.

Essay on Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale

Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood explores the role that women play in society and the consequences of a countryà ­s value system. She reveals that values held in the United States are a threat to the livelihood and status of women. As one critic writes, â€Å"the author has concluded that present social trends are dangerous to individual welfare† (Prescott 151). The novel is set in the near future in Gilead, formerly the U.S., at a time when the population rate is rapidly declining. A religious regime has taken over, and women are used as breeders to boost the declining birth rate among the Caucasian race. Women are owned by men and are breeders. In the New World Order love doesnà ­t†¦show more content†¦Unlike Moira, Offred is desperate to conceive the Commanderà ­s child in order to survive. Both women parallel many women in todayà ­s society. On one hand, there are feminists who rebel against society no matter what it costs. On the other hand, there are women who are just trying to survive and find their place in a society in which they are second class citizens. In the novel, Offred is torn between smearing her face with butter to keep her complexion and hanging herself. In the same manner, she is caught between accepting the status of women under the new regime and following her own desires to gain knowledge and fall in love . Offred doesnà ­t know whether to accept the circumstances and die inside, or to fulfill her own desires, set herself free like Moira has done. The contrast between Moira and Offred reveals Atwoodà ­s attitude towards women and their sometimes self-destructive submission. Atwood shows the oppression of women through the extreme setting of the story, but she also allows the reader to see how women passively oppress themselves. Although Offred accepts the standards and criterions of her society, she keeps her individuality and refuses to forget the past. She remembers having had an identity of her own and strives to hold on to it as best as she can. She puts a claim on her temporary room in her Commanders house; it becomes a sanctuary for her true self. Her room becomes a place ofShow MoreRelatedFeminism Lost in Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale, the human spirit has evolved to such a point that it cannot be subdued by complacency. Atwood shows Gilead as an extremist state with strong religious connotations. We see the outcome of the reversal of women’s rights and a totalitarian government which is based on reproduction. 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